India’s robust economic growth, driven by a burgeoning middle class and rapid urbanization, has positioned it as the third-largest global energy consumer. Between 2000 and 2020, the nation’s primary energy demand more than doubled, reaching 937 Mtoe. Anticipating a 3.5-fold increase to 1,788 Mtoe by 2047 across sectors, there is a pressing need for sustainable energy consumption in line with India’s low-carbon goals. Emphasizing this commitment are updated NDC to the UNFCCC, targeting a net-zero economy by 2070 and a 45% reduction in GDP emission intensity by 2030. India’s influential role, notably during its G20 presidency in 2023, solidifies its position in shaping global climate policies. Given that over three-fourths of India’s greenhouse gas emissions stem from energy, the centrality of EE in meeting these goals is underscored. Acknowledged at the G20 summit and COP 28, EE is recognized as the most cost-effective and rapid means to complement renewable energy, aligning with India’s commitment to translate national objectives into actionable energy-saving measures at the state level. Further, India’s Mission on Lifestyle for Environment (Mission LiFE) too has gained global recognition, placing conscious consumption and energy efficiency as a central priority.
The foundation of India’s energy efficiency framework lies in the EC Act of 2001, with the BEE at the central level and SDAs at the state level to enforce and implement the EC Act. The BEE has played a pivotal role in successful initiatives such as the S&L program, ECBC, ENS, and PAT scheme for energy-intensive industries. The EC Act 2022 amendment empowers state governments to actively participate in India’s energy transition, allowing them to amend building codes, manage funds, and set consumption standards. The State Energy Efficiency Action Plans initiated by BEE, are crucial in integrating energy efficiency into the most energy-intensive sectors. These plans, reflecting diverse state capacities, play a vital role in translating national objectives into effective localized actions.
